Introduction: The lost history of global intelligence -- 1. In the beginning: spies of the Bible and ancient Egypt from Moses to the Last Supper -- 2. Intelligence operations in ancient Greece: myth and reality from Odysseus to Alexander the Great -- 3. Intelligence and divination in the Roman Republic -- 4. "The art of war" and the Arthashastra: how China and India took an early lead over Greece and Rome -- 5. The Roman Empire and the Untermenschen -- 6. Muhammed and the rise of Islamic intelligence -- 7. Inquisitions and counter-subversion -- 8. Renaissance Venice and the rise of Western intelligence -- 9. Ivan the Terrible and the origins of Russian state security -- 10. Elizabeth I, Walsingham and the rise of English intelligence -- 11. The decline of early Stuart and Spanish intelligence, and the rise of the French Cabinet Noir -- 12. Intelligence and regime change in Britain: from the Civil War to the Popish Plot -- 13. Intelligence in the era of the Sun King -- 14. Codebreakers and spies in Ancien Régime Europe: from the Hanoverian succession to the Seven Years' War -- 15. Intelligence and American independence -- 16. The French Revolution and the Revolutionary wars -- 17. The Napoleonic wars -- 18. Intelligence and counter-revolution, Part I: from the Congress of Vienna to the 1848 Revolution -- 19. Intelligence and counter-revolution, Part II: from 1848 to the death of Karl Marx -- 20. The telegraph, mid-century wars and the 'great game' -- 21. 'The golden age of assassination': anarchists, revolutionaries and the Black Hand, 1880-1914 -- 22. The great powers and foreign intelligence, 1890-1909 -- 23. Intelligence and the coming of the First World War -- 24. The First World War, Part I: from the outbreak of war to the Zimmermann Telegram -- 25. The First World War, Part II: from American intervention to Allied victory -- 26. SIGINT and HUMINT between the wars -- 27. The 'Big Three' and Second World War intelligence -- 28. Intelligence and the victory of the Grand Alliance -- 29. The Cold War and the intelligence superpowers -- 30.'Holy terror': from the Cold war to 9/11 -- Conclusion: Twenty-first century intelligence in long-term perspective.