The reach of free movement and the gradualist approach of the CJEU : an introduction -- I. The reach of free movement -- The reach of free movement : a defence of court discretion -- Free movement of persons through the lens of the notions of 'discrimination' and 'restriction' -- Restrictions on the use of goods and services -- To use or not to use : that's the question : on Article 34 and national rules restricting the use of lawfully marketed products -- II. Justifications and proportionality -- Justifications to restrictions to free movement : towards a single normative framework? -- The justification and proportionality of certain administrative, regulatory and political concerns -- The guardianship of European constitutionality : a structural critique of European constitutional review -- The criterion of the 'consistent and systematic manner' in free movement law -- III. Fundamental rights -- Legitimacy and the charter of fundamental rights post-Lisbon -- False friends and true cognates : on fundamental freedoms, fundamental rights and union citizenship -- Fundamental freedoms, fundamental rights, and the many faces of freedom of contract in the EU -- The charter of fundamental rights and the reach of free movement law -- IV. Looking abroad -- Creating a national market in the United States through the dormant commerce clause? -- Beyond parallel powers : EU treaty-making power post-Lisbon.