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082	0	4	_a305.512
100	1		_aScheidel, Walter, _d1966- _eauthor. _9114080
245	1	4	_aThe great leveler : _bviolence and the history of inequality from the Stone Age to the twenty-first century / _cWalter Scheidel.
246	3	0	_aViolence and the history of inequality from the Stone Age to the twenty-first century
246	3		_aThe great leveler : _bviolence and the history of inequality from the Stone Age to the 21st century
264		1	_aPrinceton ; _aOxford : _bPrinceton University Press, _c2017.
300			_axvii, 504 pages : _billustrations
336			_atext _2rdacontent
336			_astill image _2rdacontent
337			_aunmediated _2rdamedia
338			_avolume _2rdacarrier
490	1		_aThe Princeton economic history of the Western world
505	0		_aIntroduction : The challenge of inequality -- Part I. A brief history of inequality : The rise of inequality -- Empires of inequality -- Up and down -- Part II. War : Total war -- The great compression -- Preindustrial warfare and civil war -- Part III. Revolution : Communism -- Before Lenin -- Part IV. Collapse : State failure and systems collapse -- Part V. Plague : The black death -- Pandemics, famine, and war -- Part VI. Alternatives : Reform, recession, and representation -- Economic development and education -- What If?: From history to counterfactuals -- Part VII. Inequality redux and the future of leveling : In our time -- What does the future hold? -- Appendix : The limits of inequality.
520			_a"Are mass violence and catastrophes the only forces that can seriously decrease economic inequality? To judge by thousands of years of history, the answer is yes. Tracing the global history of inequality from the Stone Age to today, Walter Scheidel shows that inequality never dies peacefully. Inequality declines when carnage and disaster strike and increases when peace and stability return. The Great Leveler is the first book to chart the crucial role of violent shocks in reducing inequality over the full sweep of human history around the world. Ever since humans began to farm, herd livestock, and pass on their assets to future generations, economic inequality has been a defining feature of civilization. Over thousands of years, only violent events have significantly lessened inequality. The "Four Horsemen" of leveling--mass-mobilization warfare, transformative revolutions, state collapse, and catastrophic plagues--have repeatedly destroyed the fortunes of the rich. Scheidel identifies and examines these processes, from the crises of the earliest civilizations to the cataclysmic world wars and communist revolutions of the twentieth century. Today, the violence that reduced inequality in the past seems to have diminished, and that is a good thing. But it casts serious doubt on the prospects for a more equal future. An essential contribution to the debate about inequality, The Great Leveler provides important new insights about why inequality is so persistent--and why it is unlikely to decline anytime soon." -- Publisher's description.
650		0	_aPoverty _xHistory. _951241
650		0	_aEquality _xHistory. _960667
650		0	_aViolence _xHistory. _956852
650		0	_aEconomic history. _929765
830		0	_aPrinceton economic history of the Western world. _9118704
942			_n0
999			_c71952 _d71952